Foliage Gardens - Catalog, Ferns

by Sue Olsen
 

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Fern Terminology

Genus Characteristics

“The bright colors of flowers are admired by the lest intellectual, but the beauty of form and textures of ferns requires a higher degree of mental perception and more intellect for its proper appreciation.” - Abraham Stansfield, 1858.

FERNS 2010 Sold out until fall

ADIANTUM HISPIDULUM: This is the montane Hawaiian form with beautiful soft red broad new pedate fronds. Survived to 24ºF in an unheated greenhouse and to 15ºF outdoors (barely) 12/08. Deciduous. Zones 8-11 or with humidity and no drafts - indoors. 12”. Limit 1.. 10.00

ADIANTUM × MAIRISII: is an interesting lacy old (pre-1885) deciduous maidenhair hybrid between Adiantum capillus-veneris, which it resembles, and an unknown. (DNA analysis welcome.) Spreads slowly in humusy soil in the garden or container. Zones 8 to 10. 15”. Rare. 8.00

ADIANTUM VENUSTUM: Himalayan maidenhair: My parent plant has received more compliments than any other fern in the garden while steadfastly resisting spore propagation. After years of experimentation it has finally come from tissue culture and I’m extremely pleased to add it to our offerings. It is an evergreen with pink tinged new growth unfurling early (March here). It creeps gently, never invasively, forming a frothy carpet in light shade and makes a handsome underplanting for studier shade lovers. Triangular 12” fronds. Zone 5-8 12.00

ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES: The maidenhair spleenwort is an exceptional evergreen for the foreground in either partial shade or partial sun with a preference for rock gardens and good drainage. It is a wee evergreen growing to 8” more or less depending on the garden placement. One of the easiest of the aspleniums (and one of the few that are slug resistant) it is found in rocky crevices worldwide and the mortared walls of historic buildings in the UK and Europe. Adaptable Zones 3 to 9. 12.00

ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES ‘INCISUM’: Finely cut fronds decorate this 8” evergreen. Great foreground subject in partial shade to partial sun. Zones 3 to 9. 10.00

ASTROLEPIS SINUATA: (Syn. Cheilanthes sinuata): Wavy cloak fern is living proof that not all ferns are shady woodlanders. This pinnate xeric is “cloaked” with white curly hairs on the fronds’ undersides and is a showstopper in our garden. It needs bright light, gritty, good draining soil and protection from winter wet. I grow it under the eaves facing south with filtered summer sunlight. Evergreen 15”. ZoneS 7-10. 8.00

ATHYRIUM NIPONICUM ‘PICTUM’ – REGAL RED: This is my favorite of the many named selections of the “painted fern”. Pastel silvery 10” deciduous fronds are swirled with wine colored accents. The contrast improves with age. Best in filtered shade with no direct sun. Zones 4-9. 8.00

ATHYRIUM OTOPHORUM: Auriculate lady fern: This is a colorful delight of Japanese origin with light green bipinnate fronds and a dark wine hue spreading onto the foliage from the rachis. New growth is the color of lime sherbet and displays well when surrounded with dark greens. Eastern customers (Zone 6) recommend spring planting. Semi-evergreen in mild winters here, usually deciduous. 2’. Zone 5-9. 8.00

CHEILANTHES WRIGHTII: From the American southwest, this fast growing, evergreen 8” xeric with bluish foliage is easier than most. Good drainage, sun and protection from winter wet help. Zones (6?) 7-10 8.00

CYRTOMIUM CARYOTIDEUM: Upright once-pinnate evergreen with angular light green foliage which contrasts splendidly with feathery woodlanders. Can take deep shade. Indoors or out. 2’. Zones 7-10. 8.00

CYRTOMIUM FALCATUM ‘BUTTERFIELDII’: A polished rich green striking evergreen suitable for indoors or out. Stiff teeth outline the pinnae. Excellent foil with soft perennials in shade. 18”. Zones 7-10. 9.00

CYRTOMIUM FORTUNEI VAR. INTERMEDIUM: Beautiful matte, yellow green, once pinnate holly-like foliar highlight in the company of dark lacy foliage. Reputed to be the hardiest of the holly ferns. Evergreen 12”+ horizontal fronds. Also easy indoors. Zones 5-10. A best seller. 8.00

CYRTOMIUM MACROPHYLLUM: Large leafed holly fern with pale green, broad, tulip shaped pinnae. Nice foliar contrast among deep green shrubs and ground covers or in the company of yellow and green variegated hostas. Evergreen. 2”. Zone 6-10. Unfernlike architecture. 8.00

DOODIA CAUDATA: This attractive rich green evergreen from “down under” emerges in shades of rosy red and retains the red as a brilliant stipe. Fast growing to 12”. Drought tolerant. Zones 8-10. 8.00

DRYOPTERIS CHAMPIONII: is an elegant evergreen with silvery new (but late) spring growth. Fronds mature with an open structure of shiny green and hold well through snow. 2-3’ Zones 5-8. 8.00

DRYOPTERIS LEPIDOPODA: Sunset fern: This handsome coral, orange and gold Himalayan resembles D. wallichiana in outline but is enhanced with warmer sunset hues in new growth. It looks superb with yellow flowered primulas and the feathery flowers and spring foliage of epimediums. A favorite, sturdy bipinnate evergreen. 2’. Zone 6-9. 9.00

DRYOPTERIS MONTICOLA: A D. goldiana twin and considered by some to be a subspecies thereof, this pastel green 2-3‘ deciduous fern comes to us from well-chilled terrain in Siberia, Japan and China. Zones 3-8. Limit 1. 9.00

DRYOPTERIS PULCHERRIMA: This is a distant cousin of D. wallichiana and shares the sturdy leathery frond characteristics. New introduction from the high Himalayas. 2’+. Evergreen. Zones 6-9. 9.00

DRYOPTERIS SIEBOLDII: Striking unfernlike bluish 2-3’ evergreen upright fronds. Bushiest in heat. Stunning anywhere. Zones 6-9. 9.00

DRYOPTERIS X COMPLEXA: (D. affinis × D. filix-mas) ‘ROBUST’: Bold 3-4’ vigorous evergreen bipinnate fronds give this fern massive substance. Once established it is remarkably drought tolerant. Great for screening. A best seller. Golden scales on new growth. Zone 4-9. 8.00

GYMNOCARPIUM OYAMENSIS: A lovely slowly spreading ground cover with stiff upright stipes and soft horizontal foliage that lightens the shady and slightly moist woodland. Deciduous. 12”. Zones 7-9. 7.00

PELLAEA ROTUNDIFOLIA: Button fern and cute as a button it is. Note, however that like its xeric relatives it suffers from over watering. Bright green dense “button” foliage. Evergreen. 15”. Zones(8?)-10. 8.00

POLYPODIUM SCOULERI: Glossy evergreen fronds highlight this slowly spreading shade lover from the Pacific coast. Protect from direct sun. 12-15” Zones (7 with protection) 8 and 9. $6.00

POLYSTICHUM DRACOMONTANUM: this colonizer from high elevations in South Africa displays glossy fronds similar to polystichums of Asian origin. 3’ evergreen foliar vases. Likes moisture. . Zones 6-8. 9.00

POLYSTICHUM MAKINOI: Makinoi’s holly fern. The glowing dark forest green toothy bipinnate foliage on this Japanese evergreen is a very attractive garden display combining well with pastel leafed hostas. Increasingly popular with customers on both coasts. 2’; Zone 5-9. 8.00

POLYSTICHUM MONTICOLA: a bipinnate beauty native to rocky sites in South African mountains but best cultivated in gritty woodland shade. Rarely available. Evergreen. 30”. Zone 8-9. Limit 1 8.00

POLYSTICHUM NEOLOBATUM: A Foliage Garden introduction of many years ago, which exceeds all standards for exceptional ornamental value and hardiness. This leathery, bristly bipinnate evergreen thrives in Zone 6-9 Glistening fronds are enclosed in papery scales. It is one of only a few ferns not flattened by wet snow 2’. Protect from sun. 8.00

POLYSTICHUM SETIFERUM ‘PLUMOSO-MULTILOBUM’: (‘Plumosum-densum’) A frothy finely cut horizontally inclined low circular evergreen spreading to 2’. Outstanding UK cv.. Zones 5-8. 7.00

POLYSTICHUM WILSONII : Super glossy upright fronds are thickly cloaked in new growth with ornamental scales. New intro from the Himalayas, China and Taiwan. Evergreen. 2’. Zones 6-9. Limit 1. 10.00

PTERIS GALLINOPES : (gallinopes-chicken foot!) Unlike most Pteris of houseplant fame, this spidery dwarf is more at home in shady alpine settings with gritty soil and drainage. Deciduous. 6”. Zones 8?-10. 9.00

PYRROSIA SHEARERI: An incredible “unfernlike” looking plant with drought tolerant strap shaped solid fronds. Undersides are white in youth and decorated with rusty hairs and eventually spores in maturity. Slow from spores. Easy evergreen 2’. Zones (6?)-10. Small 6 years olds. 15.00

WOODSIA POLYSTICHOIDES ‘KAMCHATKA FORM’ is a remarkable little fern dusted in light blue foliage. Here is a gem eligible for a partly sunny exposure in the rock garden grit or as a highlight in a trough. New growth early. Deciduous. 6-12”. Zones 5-8. Limit 1. 8.00

WOODSIA PSEUDOPOLYSTICHOIDES: Is a delightful dwarf with incised pinnae. New growth very early (Feb. here). Excellent in the rock garden or containers. Pt. sun. Deciduous. 8-12”. Zones 5-8. Limit 3. 9.00

WOODSIA SUBCORDATA: Heart shaped wee pinnae trim the soft fronds on this early emerging 6-12rdquo; dwarf. Pt. sun and drought tolerant. Excellent in well drained troughs. Deciduous. Zones 5-8. Limit 1 8.00

Gift certificates are popular especially for the holidays. They are priced from $25.00 plus shipping (which depends on location and size of order).

LIMITED NUMBERS OF OTHER FERNS ARE AVAILABLE........DO INQUIRE!

And don’t forget my book, Encyclopedia of Garden Ferns, which describes close to 1000 ferns and includes ~700 photographs. The Council on Botanical & Horticultural Libraries selected it for their 2008 Literature Award for which I am deeply honored and grateful as well as delighted. Autographed copies are available for $59.95 - US postage included. Great for gifts (to oneself or others J)


FERN TERMINOLOGY

Crosier or fiddlehead - an unfurling frond

Entire - an undivided frond

Fertile - spore bearing

Frond - a complete leaf which is made up of the:

Stipe - a stalk or petiole which supports the blade

Blade - the leafy portion of the frond

Pinna (Plural pinnae) - a primary division of the frond - a leaflet

Pinnate - once divided; bipinnate - twice divided; tripinnate - thrice divided

Pinnule - a division of a pinna - a segment

Rhizome - the growth center of the fern - roots below and fronds above

Sorus (plural sori) - a fruit dot containing spores

Spores - the fern's reproductive unit.

FERN GENUS CHARACTERISTICS - A QUICK REFERENCE

Noting the name, meaning, number and distribution of species and a brief description.

Fern
Adiantum aleuticum 'Subpumilum'

ADIANTUM - maidenhair - Greek - to shed water - 200 species, mostly tropical - worldwide - stipe brittle frequently black or red-black; fronds lacking a distinct midrib; foliage delicate, lacy, often drooping; thin textured; pinna fan or wedge shaped; sori around the outer edges covered with a false indusium of curled segments; evergreen and deciduous.

ARACHNIODES - spider like - 40 species - mostly temperate - evergreen - closely related to Polystichum and Dryopteris - stipes greenish or straw colored; rhizome frequently spreading; evergreen; tall foliage usually spiny; sori central; indusium kidney shaped.

ASPLENIUM - without spleen referring to a reputation for curing disorders of the spleen - 700 species - many hybrids - worldwide - usually evergreen; small with dark stipes; foliage varied - bird’s nest fern to A. trichomanes; stipes short; sori in herringbone pattern; indusium attached to a vein opening on one side (clamshell fashion).

ATHYRIUM - to sport - 180 species - temperate and tropical; deciduous; stipes usually stout and succulent; green or straw colored and long; fronds long thin textured; sori central with half moon shaped indusium opening along one side.

BLECHNUM - Greek name for a type of fern - 220 species - temperate and tropical; evergreen and sub-evergreen leathery and dimorphic (fertile and sterile fronds different); fertile fronds erect; sori linear occupying entire space from midrib to out edge of fertile frond segment; indusium linear with central lengthwise opening (slit down the middle)!

CHEILANTHES - lip fern - 150 species - temperate, tropical and arid - stipes short, brittle, dense in growth; tufted; often scaly or hirsute; foliage evergreen also hairy or with scales on the underside; pinnae beadlike; prefers dry rocky locations; will curl in drought revive with moisture; sori marginal covered with reflexed edge of pinna but not continuous around the edge.

CRYPTOGRAMMA - hidden sori - - 11 species - mostly temperate; small evergreens with light colored stipe; rock loving; dimorphic with fertile fronds erect; sori under overlapping margins.

CYRTOMIUM - arching - 15 species - temperate & sub tropical; stipe stiff; evergreen pinnate leathery foliage; bold; low light; smoke and drought tolerant; sori central with peltate (umbrella like) indusium.

CYSTOPTERIS - bladder fern - 18 species - temperate; small delicate, common; deciduous; light green; spore black when unripe; sori on veins with hood-like covering.

DRYOPTERIS - wood fern - 250 species (my original research indicated 1213 species - the botanical splitters have been at work) - worldwide; evergreen and deciduous, small to very large; sturdy; usually divided - often finely so; hybridizes frequently; sori central with kidney shaped indusium.

GYMNOCARPIUM - naked fruit - no indusium - few species - temperate; stiff brittle stipe; horizontal triangular fronds; deciduous; thin texture; spreading via underground rhizomes; sori round.

LYGODIUM - twining - 39 species - mostly tropical; climbing ferns; sterile portion evergreen; fertile portion a continuation of the main stem & deciduous; sori on underside of fertile segments.

MATTEUCCIA - named for an Italian physicist; 3 species - temperate; very large deciduous plumy fronds; dimorphic with sterile fronds to 5'; fertile fronds to 2' with sori in hard brown pods.

NOTHOLAENA - cloak fern - false indusium - 25 species - closely allied with Cheilanthes and Pellaea - mostly arid loving small ferns with proportionately long stipes; erect inhabitants of rocky dry places; foliage frequently with hairs, scales or waxy undercoating; sori hidden in wax, scales or around edges.

OSMUNDA - Osmund - Thor - Scandinavian god of war - 10 species - mostly temperate; large deciduous primitive ferns; moisture loving; spore not on underside of leaf but on separate stalks from rachis (flowering fern).

PELLAEA - dark - dusky - 85 species - temperate & tropical; rigid stiff stipe & frond; evergreen; often with powdery or waxy coverings; stipe dark purple; foliage usually blue; simply divided; rock ferns with long wiry roots; sori marginal; continuous under rolled edges of pinna.

PHYLLITIS - leaf - often listed as Asplenium - 8 species - many varieties - temperate; stipes very short; simple undivided foliage; evergreen long fronds; sori linear; prominent like rows of buttonholes opening through central split.

POLYPODIUM - many footed - 100 species (formerly 1127 species - see Dryopteris) - widely distributed; prominent creeping rhizome; often epiphytic; evergreen leathery leaves; usually pinnate; large round sori; no indusium.

POLYSTICHUM - many stitches - in reference to the spore pattern on the under leaf; 180 species - worldwide; mostly temperate; sturdy evergreen growth in a single crown or cluster; pinnate to finely divided foliage; short stipes; frequently with shiny foliage with bristly toothed edges; sori covered with peltate indusium.

WOODSIA - named for botanist Joseph Woods - 37 species - temperate to arctic; small deciduous ferns in woods and on rocks; spores brown on the outer edges of pinna; indusium fist like opening star like from under the sporangia.

WOODWARDIA - named for botanist Thomas Woodward - 14 species - mostly temperate - acid soil; extremely large coarse evergreen & deciduous ferns; sori in long lines like strings of sausage (hence chain fern); sori linear opening in a central split.


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